ED Entreprise Economie Société
Impact of Perceived Compensation and Skills Development Practices on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Well-being, and Affective Commitment – The Case of Lebanese Teachers
by Maria FRANGIEH (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations)
The defense will take place at 9h30 - Visioconférence totale
in front of the jury composed of
- Laïla BENRAISS-NOAILLES - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Delphine VAN HOOREBEKE - Maîtresse de conférences - Université de Toulon - Rapporteur
- David SALVETAT - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Marc VALAX - Professeur des universités - Université Côte d'Azur - Rapporteur
- Jean-Marie PERETTI - Professeur émérite - Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli - Examinateur
In recent decades, teachers' perceptions of human resource practices, well-being, organizational commitment, and intention to leave have become a challenge for schools worldwide. This thesis aims to analyze the perceptions of compensation practices and skills development practices and their impact on perceived organizational support (POS), intention to leave, well-being, and affective commitment of teachers in Lebanon. Several theories, such as Blau's (1964) social exchange theory and the organizational support theory, have been integrated to conduct this study. A questionnaire was administered to 242 teachers across the Lebanese territory. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS software.This study seeks to answer several research questions concerning the role of POS in the relationship between HR perceptions, well-being, affective commitment, and intention to leave on one hand, and the influence of perceptions of compensation and skills development on intention to leave on the other hand.The results reveal that perceptions of compensation have an impact on POS. However, POS does not play a mediating role between perceptions of HR practices and commitment, well-being, and intention to leave in the context of this research. Furthermore, work well-being and affective commitment mainly impact teachers' intention to leave. The results also indicate that POS plays a mediating role between perceptions of skills development and positive and negative well-being.
ED Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé
Study of the cardiovascular effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy: clinical and preclinical approaches
by Virginie GROUTHIER (Biologie des maladies cardiovasculaires)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - bibliothèque Laboratoire Inserm U1034 Biology of cardiovascular diseases 1 avenue de Magellan Entrée par l'hôpital Haut-Lévêque 33604 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Antoine TABARIN - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Laetitia MARTINERIE - Professeure des universités - praticienne hospitalière - UMR-S 1185 Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes - Examinateur
- Céline GALéS - Directrice de recherche - Inserm/UPS UMR 1297 - I2MC Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - Rapporteur
- Pierre GOURDY - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Inserm/UPS UMR 1297 - I2MC Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - Rapporteur
The transgender population is growing rapidly worldwide. Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), combining antiandrogens and estrogen therapy in transgender women or androgen therapy in transgender men, is a key step in gender transition. While its benefits on gender dysphoria are well documented, its long-term cardiovascular effects remain poorly studied. Recent epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular events in this population, particularly in transgender women, paradoxically contrasting with the known cardioprotective effects of estrogens. We hypothesize that GAHT, whether feminizing or masculinizing, may have a variable deleterious impact on the cardiovascular system. The main objective of this work is to better understand the increased cardiovascular risk in the transgender population in relation to GAHT. We developed a translational study built around the Trans Human Project (clinical cohort, Bordeaux University Hospital) and the Trans Mice Project (murine models and in vitro studies, U1034 laboratory). On the clinical side, two studies were conducted. The QTRANS study (64 transgender men and 56 transgender women) evaluated the effect of GAHT on cardiac repolarization. Cross-sectional analysis showed that GAHT reproduced the QTc sexual dimorphism observed in cisgender adults. Longitudinal analysis (18 transgender men and 15 transgender women) confirmed a significant QTc shortening under masculinizing GAHT (−17 ± 16 ms; p < 0.001) and lengthening under feminizing GAHT (+20 ± 12 ms; p < 0.001), with circulating testosterone identified as the main hormonal determinant. The CardioTRANS pilot study (17 transgender men and 17 transgender women, 18-month follow-up) assessed atherosclerotic risk using innovative imaging techniques (coronary artery calcium score, 3D Doppler ultrasound, coronary computed tomography angiography). At 18 months, transgender women showed greater progression of carotid and coronary plaques than transgender men (70% vs 22%), highlighting the added value of these techniques for early cardiovascular risk stratification. On the preclinical side, transgender murine models (trans-female and trans-male) were developed and phenotyped. In the trans-female model, feminizing GAHT induced significant metabolic changes: adipose tissue redistribution, hepatic steatosis and lipid profile alterations via modulation of the FGF21/PCSK9/LDL receptor pathway. In the trans-male model, masculinizing GAHT caused cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, secondary to cardiac fibroblast activation and SLIT3 overexpression, along with arterial hypertension and vascular stiffness. The latter was also attributable to a phenotypic transition of aortic smooth muscle cells toward a secretory phenotype, leading to collagen overproduction and extracellular matrix remodeling. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that GAHT, whether feminizing or masculinizing, exerts specific cardiovascular and metabolic effects whose long-term impact warrants careful attention, as consistently evidenced by our original translational approach. Without questioning the indication for GAHT or its well-established benefits on gender dysphoria, these results advocate for enhanced cardiovascular monitoring in transgender individuals, particularly transgender women, and open promising mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and guide tailored preventive strategies.
ED Sciences et environnements
Quantification of osseous alterations of the medial epicondyle of the humerus: methodological and bioarchaeological research
by Elle LIAGRE (De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B6, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex (France)
in front of the jury composed of
- Christopher KNUSEL - Professeur des universités - UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Emma POMEROY - Associate Professor - Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge - Rapporteur
- Sébastien VILLOTTE - Chargé de recherche - UMR 7206 Éco-Anthropologie - CoDirecteur de these
- Cynthia WILCZAK - Full professor - Department of Anthropology, San Francisco State University - Rapporteur
- Christine COUTURE-VESCHAMBRE - Professeure des universités - UMR5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Jay STOCK - Full professor - Department of Anthropology, Western University - Examinateur
- Timothy RYAN - Full professor - Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University - Examinateur
- Rebecca GOWLAND - Full professor - Durham University - Examinateur
The identification of throwing behaviour in past human populations remains a central challenge in archaeology, particularly in debates surrounding subsistence strategies and the sexual division of labour. While skeletal and archaeological evidence have been extensively used to infer throwing capacity and activity, in particular for Neandertals, they have yielded conflicting interpretations and often provide only indirect insights into actual behaviour. Moreover, existing approaches based on skeletal remains have focused primarily on structural adaptations, leaving the pathological consequences of habitual throwing largely unexplored. In this context, the medial epicondyle of the humerus represents a promising but understudied anatomical region. In biological anthropology, changes at this site have been linked to throwing-related mechanical stress, but qualitative recording methods have so far proven insufficient for conducting large-scale systematic analyses. This thesis contributes to this debate by developing a quantitative framework for the systematic documentation of osseous changes at the medial epicondyle and exploring their relevance for the interpretation of throwing-related behaviour in past human populations. This framework is underpinned by a synthesis of clinical and anthropological insights on the medial epicondyle and its associated structures, clarifying the relationship between soft tissue attachments and bone surface morphology. The first methodological step involved the development of a semi-automated landmark-based protocol to standardise the isolation of the medial epicondyle and its entheseal surfaces in a 3D environment. Applied to a sample of 20 humeri, this approach demonstrated high levels of repeatability and reproducibility, thereby providing a robust basis for subsequent quantitative analyses. Among the osseous changes of interest are lacunar lesions at the attachment of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), for which a dedicated extraction protocol was developed on two Neolithic skeletal samples (70 humeri). The morphology of the resulting lesions were then systematically characterised, which revealed a consistent location of lesions at the UCL footprint and occurrence exclusively on right humeri, alongside relatively uniform shape but with variation in size and surface characteristics. These patterns are consistent with clinical descriptions of partial avulsion injuries associated with repetitive throwing activity in youth athletes, suggesting an activity-related origin and supporting the interpretive potential of these osseous changes for reconstructing past behaviours involving use of the upper limb. Extending this approach to Neandertal skeletal remains, lacunar lesions were documented in a sample of 28 humeri, with analyses restricted to specimens with sufficiently high-quality 3D data (N = 20). These lesions were present in several individuals, including three confirmed cases (one of whom is female), and show a predominant right-side bias. These findings are consistent with repetitive loading associated with overhead throwing, providing new evidence relevant to discussions of Neandertal subsistence strategies and sexual division of labour within these groups.
ED Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique
Anthropology of alcohol and its discontents in Lesotho: alcoholism, between individual trajectories and collective dynamics
by Julie PONGE (Les Afriques dans le Monde)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle des thèses Université de Bordeaux, campus Victoire, 3 ter place de la Victoire, 33000 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Marc-Eric GRUENAIS - Professeure émérite - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Cécile VIGOUR - Directrice de recherche - CNRS Centre Emile Durkheim - Examinateur
- Frédéric LE MARCIS - Professeur des universités - ENS de Lyon - Rapporteur
- Chantal CRENN - Professeure - UMR SENS, Université Paul Valéry-Montpellier 3 - Examinateur
- Patrick PERETTI-WATEL - Directeur de recherche - INSERM - Rapporteur
This dissertation draws on the notion of "contested meanings" (Gusfield, 1996) to examine the ways in which alcohol consumption in Lesotho becomes the object of public, moral and political concern. It explores how global public health initiatives, religious moralization, colonial legacies, moral economy and ordinary forms of sociability coexist and shape the ways alcohol is used and regulated. By tracing the interplay of religious memory, contemporary governmentality, and local forms of sociability, it aims to show how these competing frameworks shape drinking and recovery in the country, as well as contemporary patterns of alcohol use, governance of conduct, and responses to alcohol dependence. This research brings together two complementary perspectives. Moving from anthropology of drinking (Castelain 1989; Obadia, 2004) to anthropology of its discontents and recovery (Fainzang, 1996), it examines consumption as well as recovery, and care, along with the institutional and collective efforts surrounding it. Grounded in a critical anthropology of care, it draws on moral economy and Kleinman's tripartite model of disease, illness, and sickness to bring together the biomedical, social, and experiential dimensions of alcoholism. The research is organized around three dimensions: a sociohistory of norms revealing the layers of alcohol politicization at global and national levels, as well as the memory traces of alcohol use and control in Lesotho; a biography of places and objects, attentive to their social and symbolic value; and an analysis of institutional, collective and individual responses to alcoholism. The study shows that moralization, medicalization and alcohol industry strategies tend to depoliticize alcohol-related issues by reducing them to matters of individual responsibility. By contrast, this work argues for a politicization of care, attentive to community solidarities, gender relations, and structural asymmetries. By decentering biomedical models, the research offers a critical perspective on the regimes of responsibility that shape how alcoholism is interpreted and addressed in Lesotho and, more broadly, in postcolonial contexts.
Transdiagnostic approach to emotional and psychotraumatic processes in eating disorders and disordered eating: identification of psychological profiles, symptom network modeling, and development of a clinical intervention protocol
by Wilfried SYMPHOR (Laboratoire de Psychologie)
The defense will take place at 14h30 - Amphitéatre E 3ter Pl. de la Victoire Bâtiment E 33000 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Greg DECAMPS - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Géraldine DORARD - Professeure des universités - Université Paris Cité - Rapporteur
- Delphine GRYNBERG - Professeure des universités - Université de Lille - Rapporteur
- Michèle KOLECK - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Marion TROUSSELARD - Professeure agrégée - Ecole des psychologues Praticiens - Examinateur
- Sébastien GUILLAUME - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier - Examinateur
Eating disorders (EDs) represent a major public health concern. Their clinical complexity and high comorbidity challenge traditional diagnostic classifications, which are often insufficient to account for the diversity of trajectories and underlying mechanisms. Despite therapeutic advances, a significant proportion of patients present chronic or treatment-resistant forms, highlighting the need to rethink explanatory models beyond diagnostic categories. Numerous studies have underscored the role of early adversity in the development and maintenance of EDs, yet few have explored the traumatic, dissociative, and emotional dimensions in an integrated manner. However, these processes appear crucial for understanding how disordered eating behaviors, such as restriction, binge eating, or compensatory behaviors, can function as adaptive survival strategies in the face of trauma. This doctoral work aims to clarify the role of emotional and trauma-related processes in the expression of disordered eating behaviors, using a transdiagnostic and process-based approach. The thesis is based on five studies: • A cluster analysis aiming to identify emotional and cognitive profiles beyond classical categorical diagnoses (Study 1); • A systematic review examining the links between emotion (dys)regulation, trauma-related factors, and binge eating (Study 2); • A latent profile analysis characterizing patient subgroups based on their levels of emotional reactivity and emotion dysregulation (Study 3); • A network analysis modeling the interactions between emotional processes, psychotraumatic factors and eating symptomatology (Study 4); • The development of an intervention protocol (BASE-D - Body Awareness and Safety for Eating Disorders) specifically targeting dissociation and interoception in binge-type eating disorders (Study 5). The results indicate that EDs can be conceptualized as emotion regulation modes linked to traumatic and dissociative processes, situated within a transdiagnostic continuum. This work underscores the importance of placing the body and emotional dynamics back at the center of understanding and treating EDs. It paves the way for the deployment of trauma-informed interventions promoting the restoration of bodily safety and the strengthening of emotion regulation capacities.