ED Mathématiques et Informatique
Development of a Digital Infrastructure for Crossing Safety: Railway Application
by Mayssa DARDOUR (LaBRI - Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre F Enseirb - Matmeca, 1 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33400 Talence
in front of the jury composed of
- Mohamed MOSBAH - Professeur - Bordeaux INP - Directeur de these
- Marwane AYAIDA - Professeur - Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France - Rapporteur
- Rahim KACIMI - Maître de conférences - Université de Toulouse - Rapporteur
- Toufik AHMED - Professeur - Bordeaux INP - CoDirecteur de these
- Pham CONGDUC - Professeur - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) - Examinateur
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have evolved, improving road safety. ITS rely on WAVE and ETSI ITS-G5, both of which use IEEE 802.11p as their physical and MAC layer for short-range vehicular communication. WAVE, the American standard, includes higher-layer protocols from IEEE 1609 and operates in the 5.9 GHz band for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. ETSI ITS-G5, the European counterpart, follows the ETSI ITS architecture and also utilizes this band for reliable V2X exchange. These standards form the facilities layer's foundation, enabling Cooperative Awareness Service (CAService) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Service (DENService). CAService disseminates Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) with periodic vehicle updates, while DENService distributes Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENM) for urgent warnings, coordinating Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) interactions. The facilities layer operates within a layered architecture to manage diverse traffic environments. Despite advancements, scenarios such as Railway Level Crossings (RLCs) remain critical road-rail interaction points. These interactions demand robust communication architectures and advanced algorithms that address latency, reliability, and scalability in dynamic vehicular environments. This thesis tackles these challenges by proposing a hybrid communication architecture combining ITS-G5 and LTE 4G/5G. The architecture integrates edge computing for low-latency local processing and cloud computing for global analysis. This approach ensures proper CAM and DENM transmission, particularly in urban scenarios. To improve network reliability, a hybrid access scheme is proposed. It combines Vehicular Deterministic Access (VDA) for collision-free communication in congestion and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) for adaptive spectrum use in moderate traffic. Focusing on message dissemination, this thesis refines the DENM protocol and introduces a dissemination strategy tailored to RLC scenarios. The modifications improve message precision, while priority-based dissemination ensures timely delivery based on urgency, collision proximity, and deadlines. Adaptive distribution algorithms are proposed for both CAM and DENM, guaranteeing robust transmission in varying traffic conditions. These optimizations improve the reliability and timeliness of RLC emergency communications. Additionally, this thesis addresses vehicular dynamics through the development of the Optimized Intelligent Driver Model (O-IDM). The model incorporates reaction times and traffic behaviors to enhance transitions between free-flow and stop-and-go traffic. These improvements increase traffic safety. Complementing this, a train braking strategy is proposed for RLCs. The strategy adjusts braking patterns dynamically based on approach speed, adhesion coefficients, and environmental factors. This approach mitigates risks during emergency scenarios. Predictive modeling handles train schedule variability (TSV). A three-layer Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model within an edge-fog-cloud architecture predicts irregularities and notifies individuals with reduced mobility. It integrates historical and real-time data for better planning. The Variability Assignment Score (VAS) evaluates predictive accuracy, capturing temporal irregularities crucial to safety. Contributions are validated through OMNeT++, SUMO, and Artery simulations. Metrics such as Emergency Notification Time (ENT), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Detection Rate (DR), False Alarm Rate (FAR), and Communication Overhead (CO) assess performance. End-to-End delay (E2E), Packet Reception Ratio (PRR), and braking distance highlight advancements in communication precision, vehicular safety, and system responsiveness. This work applies advanced algorithms and architectures to road-rail interactions, offering a scalable framework for ITS safety operations.
ED Droit
The manufacturing of the Chinese citizenship through the textbooks (1978 - 2018)
by Jingya SUN (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE MONTESQUIEU)
The defense will take place at 9h30 - Salle des thèses Avenue Léon Duguit Bât C1 33608 PESSAC Cedex
in front of the jury composed of
- Frédérique RUEDA - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Yves SINTOMER - Professeur des universités - Université Paris VIII - Rapporteur
- Christine CHAIGNE - Maîtresse de conférences - Aix-Marseille Université - Rapporteur
- Jean-Pierre CABESTAN - Professeur émérite - Université Baptiste de Hong-Kong - Examinateur
- Rémi CASTETS - Maître de conférences - Université Bordeaux Montaigne - Examinateur
- Jérôme DOYON - Chaire de professeur junior - CERI-Sciences Po Paris - Examinateur
- Nader HAKIM - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
Since the 1980s, “training citizens [gōngmín 公民]” has been the main objective of Chinese civic education. Through a qualitative and critical analysis of the textbooks used in secondary schools from 1978 to 2018, our research demonstrates that Chinese citizenship education has developed a conception of the citizen close to that of the “legal subject”, subject to the power of the party-state and ruled by the law, but far from that of the “autonomous citizen” central to Western thought, where the latter is capable of exercising his civil and political rights in order to protect his individual freedoms. The Chinese citizen is above all defined by a collective status as a member of the Chinese nation. Based on the collectivist ethical philosophy, textbooks teach patriotism, which aims to foster both love of the homeland and loyalty to the Communist regime. While economic liberalization reform has led the regime to recognize a value to the individual, the latter remains subject to the political power of the Chinese Communist Party. This relationship between the individual and the party-state is presented in textbooks under three aspects: morality, the political system and the legal order. At the moral level, although increasing importance is attached to individual interest, values are subject to the principle of “subordination of individual interest to collective interest”. At the political level, while the “people” benefit from the “democratic rights” granted by the Party-State and can thus be considered as “masters of their country”, they are still ruled by the Communist Party, and the political participation by citizens is increasingly controlled by it. Finally, at the legal level, future citizens are taught to obey the law, defined as a tool whose only goal is to maintain political and social order, and to exercise in the “correct manner” many individual rights that are nonetheless subordinated to the interests of the State and the community.