ED Mathématiques et Informatique
Modeling and decomposition methods for robust facility location and network design problems with integer recourse
by Komlanvi Parfait AMETANA (IMB - Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux)
The defense will take place at 9h30 - Salle de Conférence 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France Bâtiment A33, IMB
in front of the jury composed of
- Boris DETIENNE - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Céline GICQUEL - Maîtresse de conférences - Université Paris Saclay - Rapporteur
- Michaël POSS - Directeur de recherche - CNRS Montpellier - Rapporteur
- Ayse Nur ARSLAN - Chargée de recherche - INRIA Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Gautier STAUFFER - Professeur des universités - HEC Lausanne - Examinateur
- Olga BATTAIA - Full professor - KEDGE Business School - CoDirecteur de these
This thesis focuses on the modeling and solution methods for facility location and network design problems under uncertainty, with a particular emphasis on robust optimization with integer recourse. The application studied concerns the blood supply chain in the context of disasters, where demand is uncertain, infrastructures may be damaged, and an emergency response must be implemented. In this work, we developed several mathematical formulations based on discrete uncertainty sets, incorporating different risk measures: the expectation, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), and the worst-case approach. To solve these models, we implemented decomposition techniques, including Benders decomposition (in its multi-cut and stabilized variants) and the Column-and-Constraint Generation (CCG) algorithm. To improve solution quality, especially for large-scale instances, we also proposed an adjustable robust model based on continuous uncertainty sets. Using different types of sets, we applied affine decision rules as well as a static approach for recourse decisions in order to ensure tractability. We conducted numerical experiments on synthetical instances generated from data from the city of Paris. The various solutions obtained with the different models, built upon distinct uncertainty sets, were evaluated on an out-of-sample scenario set, enabling performance comparisons. The results show that our models, beyond their ability to solve large-scale instances with thousands of scenarios, outperform existing approaches in the literature. Beyond these numerical findings, managerial insights reveal that our risk-averse models allow for a more effective budget allocation, leading to additional lives saved compared to strategies focused solely on minimizing economic costs. They also highlight the decisive role of the preparation phase in enhancing the efficiency of post-disaster operations. These results illustrate the contribution of robust optimization approaches, and more broadly of risk-averse optimization, to the humanitarian management of critical supply chains.
ED Sciences Chimiques
Synthesis routes for patchy particles and patchy colloidal clusters
by Zirui FAN (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal)
The defense will take place at 10h00 - Amphitheatre Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer 33600 PESSAC
in front of the jury composed of
- Serge RAVAINE - Professeur - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Martine MEIRELES - Directrice de recherche - Université de Toulouse - Rapporteur
- Nébéwia GRIFFETE - Maîtresse de conférences - Sorbonne université - Rapporteur
- Cédric CRESPOS - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
Colloidal structures prepared by self-assembly find applications in photonic devices, nanoscale electronics and miniature diagnostic systems. This colloidal self-assembly enables easier and cost-effective fabrication compared to standard fabrication methods based on top-down approaches such as optical lithography. However, this bottom-up approach is limited by the available building blocks that are mostly spherical and by the interactions between them, which are mostly isotropic. To expand the range of building units, one emerging approach is to engineer their surface with “patches” to confer them predetermined “instructions” for assembly. In this work, we focus on the synthesis of patchy particles with two distinct patches and of patchy colloidal clusters. We first developed a route to fabricate bi-patchy microparticles by creating sacrificial metallic masks by electrodeposition. The selective and sequential dissolution of the masks interspersed by the regioselective functionalization of unmasqued area of particles allowed us to fabricate particles with two distinct patches. We also describe the use of microfluidic droplets to confine the assembly of particles into colloidal clusters of precise composition.
ED Droit
The labour judge Research on the function of judging in the light of French and German law
by Amélie CHAUBEYRE (COMPTRASEC - Centre de Droit Comparé de Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle des thèses 16 avenue Léon Duguit 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Jérome PORTA - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Achim SEIFERT - Professeur - Universität des Saarlandes - CoDirecteur de these
- Gwenola BARGAIN - Maîtresse de conférences - Université de Tours - Examinateur
- Cyril WOLMARK - Professeur des universités - Université Paris Nanterre - Examinateur
- Sylvaine LAULOM - Professeure des universités - Cour de cassation et Université Lyon II Lumière - Rapporteur
- Judith BROCKMANN - Full professor - Universität Kassel - Rapporteur
In France, the labour judge immediately brings to mind the "conseil de prud'hommes". As a specialised court of first instance, it seems to be the only sign of labour justice in France. In Germany, labour judges exist within an independent and comprehensive judicial system that bears their name: the labour court system. German law immediately brings to light a stark realisation: labour judges do not exist in France. In fact, the "conseil de prud'hommes" only has jurisdiction over a single aspect of labour disputes. This already foreshadows its difficulties. While this work is based on the intuition that judges dealing with labour disputes have a special function, the analysis aims not to reduce the issue to that of the specialisation of judges. Everyone is aware of the crisis that has been undermining the institution of the labour court for years through increasingly liberal reforms. The issue of labour justice is fuelling debate even beyond the sphere of the labour law community. In this context, an in-depth study of what is meant by the specificity of the labour judge is necessary. How does the judge adapt to the subject matter he deals with: labour? At a time of so many reforms, should we not first agree on what already exists? A better understanding of judges allows for a better understanding of labour law, what makes labour law unique and what distinguishes it from other areas of law. This thesis examines who labour judges are, their characteristics and their purpose. Reflecting on the role of the labour judge involves addressing and articulating such fundamental questions as their identity, legitimacy and powers in the context of labour. German law provides a useful mirror. With its specialised judicial system, a comparison with German labour judges highlights the structure of French law and offers a fresh perspective on some seemingly obvious points. Ultimately, the aim of this work is simply to help identify a path towards a better understanding of developments in labour justice and to perceive the pertinence of its existence.
ED Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé
Improvement of precise genome editing with CRISPR-Cas
by Chloé THIBAULT (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology)
The defense will take place at 13h30 - Amphithéâtre bâtiment BBS 2 rue Docteur Hoffmann Martinot Bâtiment BBS 33000, Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Aurélie BEDEL - Professeure des universités - praticienne hospitalière - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Mario AMENDOLA - Directeur de recherche - UMR 951 INTEGRARE, Généthon - Rapporteur
- Els VERHOEYEN - Directrice de recherche - U1065, C3M - Rapporteur
- Oumeya ADJALI - Directrice de recherche - UMR 1089, TaRGeT - Examinateur
- Benoit ARVEILER - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- John DE VOS - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Montpellier - Examinateur
- Carine GIOVANNANGELI - Directrice de recherche - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - Examinateur
CRISPR-Cas is a tool that has revolutionized the field of genome editing in just a few years. In particular, precise genome editing, which allows for targeted and controlled DNA modifications holds great promise, especially for gene therapy. However, the limited efficiency of precise genome editing is currently one of the main obstacles to its use. The objective of this thesis was to improve the efficiency of precise genome editing with CRISPR-Cas. When a correction template is provided to the cell for precise genome editing, the availability of this template at the cleavage site at the time of repair is one of the main limitations to its efficiency. To counter this, we have developed a new system for importing the template with the RNP called ZIP CRISPR. This system, which we have patented (reference BIO23014) is based on hybridization between a gRNA extension and an ssODN template extension. It has increased the efficiency of precise genome editing by nuclease-mediated HDR in different cell types for editing various loci. We have also demonstrated the relevance of this tool among other approaches to increase the efficiency of HDR initiated by a double-strand break. Interestingly, ZIP CRISPR also increases the efficiency of HDR initiated by a single-strand break, thus overcoming the genotoxicity associated with double-strand break editing. By unlocking HDR initiated by a single-strand break, we were able to better understand the mechanisms governing it and increase its efficiency. In addition to this study, we looked at precise genome editing independent of providing a correction template to the cells through gene conversion. Our preliminary results seem to show that gene conversion can be induced following a single-strand break, and not only a double-strand break, in mammalian cells. We were also able to explore key parameters involved in this phenomenon, which has yet to be studied in depth. As a result, we were able to improve the efficiency of precise genome editing with or without the provision of a template to the cells and to propose safer alternatives that do not require double-strand breaks.
Study of DNASE1L3 function in the regulation obesity mediated inflammation and metabolic syndrome
by Anaïs ROUBERTIE (Immunologie Conceptuelle, Expérimentale et Translationnelle)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre Louis ISPED Institut - 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Nabil DJOUDER - Full professor - Centre National d'Investigation en Oncologie (CNIO) - Rapporteur
- Fawaz ALZAID - Chargé de recherche - Institut Necker Enfants Malades - INSERM - Rapporteur
- Agnès NADJAR - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Nathalie CASTANON - Chargée de recherche - INRAE - Examinateur
Obesity is a global health crisis affecting 16% of the world population. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic tissues, contributing to complications including type 2 diabetes and liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that endogenous self-DNA, released by dying cells, aberrantly activates inflammatory responses during obesity, thereby exacerbating associated health complications. However, the role of extracellular deoxyribonucleases (DNASEs), which normally degrade this self-DNA, remains poorly understood in this pathological context. In this study, we show that obese individuals exhibit elevated levels of circulating self-DNA, accompanied by a marked reduction in circulating DNASEs activity. These alterations correlate with obesity severity and can be restored by bariatric surgery. Similarly, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) display increased circulating DNA levels and decreased DNASEs activity. In mice, genetic deficiency of the extracellular nuclease DNASE1L3 exacerbates HFD-induced metabolic complications, including weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and tissue inflammation. Conversely, targeted overexpression of DNASE1L3 in the liver using adeno-associated viral vectors protects obese mice from hepatic inflammation and MAFLD development. These findings reveal a previously underappreciated role for DNASE1L3 in controlling obesity-associated inflammation and highlight its potential therapeutic value in preventing liver disease.
ED Sciences Physiques et de l'Ingénieur
Biomimetic neural networks for real-time neural signal processing
by Jérémy CHESLET (Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre Jean-Paul DOM 351 Cours de la Libération, Laboratoire IMS, Bâtiment A31 33405 Talence Cedex, France
in front of the jury composed of
- Timothée LEVI - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Benoît MIRAMOND - Professeur des universités - Université Côte d'Azur - Rapporteur
- Paolo BONIFAZI - Associate Professor - Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi” (DIFA), University of Bologna - Rapporteur
- Hamida HALLIL ABBAS - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Guilhem LARRIEU - Directeur de recherche - Laboratoire de recherche spécialisé dans l'analyse et l'architecture des système (LAAS-CNRS) - Examinateur
- Florian KOLBL - Maître de conférences - Bordeaux INP - Examinateur
Large-scale brain recording is essential for understanding the dynamics of neural populations and developing brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) for the rehabilitation of neurological disorders. To support this effort, recording technologies have evolved to measure neural activity with high density electrodes. However, a major limitation remains the difficulty of processing these massive signals in real-time, with low energy consumption, which is necessary for considering their integration into implantable devices. To address this challenge, this thesis proposes the use of artificial neural networks based on biomimetic models, specifically Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). In particular, it presents a platform for real-time cortical signal processing (spike sorting) that is affordable, flexible, and accessible for integration into recording pipelines and bio-hybrid experiments. Implemented on a neuromorphic target, this platform enables real-time processing of the neural dynamics of a neuron culture. It provides the ability to measure the evolution of neural activity, providing insight into the internal structure of the biological network with low latency. This information is crucial for determining and adjusting the necessary treatments in biomedical applications. As a first step in the neural signal processing pipeline, the developed system represents a key advancement toward the design of neuromorphic neuroprostheses for bioelectric therapies, such as electroceuticals. It paves the way for the development of low-latency, closed-loop systems, with potential for embedded implantation. Such systems can be composed of processing and stimulation stages, adaptable to various experimental setups, textit{e.g.}, using neural network emulation for decision-making. The real-time platform developed demonstrates its potential in practical applications and bio-hybrid experiments.
Quantum gazes in microgravity.
by Clément MÉTAYER (Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique & Nanosciences)
The defense will take place at h00 - Amphitéatre Institut d'optique d'aquitaine, Rue François Mitterrand, Talence 33400 France
in front of the jury composed of
- Baptiste BATTELIER - Ingénieur de recherche - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Romain DUBESSY - Professeur - Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires PIIM UMR 7345 - Rapporteur
- Carlos GARRIDO ALZAR - Chargé de recherche - Laboratoire Temps Espace UMR 8630 - Rapporteur
- Vincent JOSSE - Professeur - Laboratoire Charles Fabry LCF UMR 8501 - Examinateur
- Naceur GAALOUL - Docteur - Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover - Examinateur
- Barry GARRAWAY - Professeur - University of Sussex - Examinateur
The study of quantum gases in microgravity paves the way for new tests of fundamental physics and the development of high-precision inertial sensors. The ICE project (Interferometry with Coherent Sources for Space), supported by CNES, aims to perform a test of the weak equivalence principle in microgravity using a dual-species atomic interferometer based on the isotopes 87Rb and 39K. These isotopes present complementary advantages: a high mass ratio, optical compatibility, and fibered laser architectures suitable for embedded environments. This thesis is part of the development of this technological demonstrator, intended to validate experimental methods for future space missions. The experimental device, compact and transportable, is designed to operate both on a ground-based microgravity simulator and aboard the zero-G aircraft. Particular attention was given to the robustness of the fully fibered optical architecture, a key element for space applications. A first focus concerned the production of ultra-cold atomic sources. Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium were obtained under demanding experimental conditions, notably in parabolic flight, demonstrating the feasibility of such manipulations in microgravity. On the simulator, condensates at temperatures of a few nanokelvin were also produced, validating optical evaporative cooling techniques. A second focus was atomic interferometry in microgravity. The theoretical and experimental study of Raman transitions made it possible to explore different diffraction regimes, in particular double diffraction, which is promising for increasing sensitivity. The first results showed the possibility of measuring accelerations with extended interrogation times and reconstructing coherent interference fringes with ultra-cold clouds. These advances open the way to high-precision inertial measurements in space. The thesis also explored detection methods adapted to dilute gases in free expansion. Absorption and fluorescence imaging, as well as temporal detection, proved to be complementary for characterizing atomic sources and extracting interferometric signals, each presenting advantages depending on the experimental regime. Finally, an original theoretical study was devoted to the creation of all-optical bubble-shaped traps for condensates in microgravity. These spherical geometries open new perspectives for exploring novel quantum phases and represent a step toward engineering quantum systems in space environments. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the feasibility of producing and manipulating quantum gases in microgravity, as well as exploiting their coherence for metrological applications. These results mark an important step toward the realization of sensitive tests of the weak equivalence principle from space, and more broadly toward the use of embedded quantum sensors to probe gravity and explore new physics.
Control of Thermal and Acoustic Fields by Vibrothermography for Multi-Physics Non-Destructive Material Characterization through Bayesian Inference
by Hugo BOUE (I2M - Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux)
The defense will take place at 9h30 - Amphitéatre du LaBRI Domaine universitaire, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, bâtiment A30
in front of the jury composed of
- Anissa MEZIANE - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Audrey GIREMUS - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - CoDirecteur de these
- Emmanuelle ABISSET-CHAVANNE - Professeure des universités - École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ParisTech - Examinateur
- Jean-François GIOVANNELLI - Professeur - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Francesco MASSI - Professor - Sapienza Università di Roma - Examinateur
- Arantza MENDIOROZ - Professor - Universidad del País Vasco - Examinateur
- Koen VAN DEN ABEELE - Professor - KU Leuven Campus Kulak - Rapporteur
- Benyebka BOU SAID - Professeur émérite - INSA Lyon - Rapporteur
Among non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques, vibrothermography lies at the interface of two physical domains: acoustics and thermics. It consists of mechanically exciting a structure by means of acoustic waves. In the presence of a defect, or depending on the local thermomechanical properties (e.g., viscoelasticity), part of the mechanical energy induced by the waves is converted into thermal energy. The first part of this work focused on modeling the energy conversion phenomena between these two domains, on the one hand through an analytical approach, and on the other through finite element modeling. This understanding enabled the development of an initial methodology for controlling and dynamically displacing thermal sources within the material via acoustics. The second part of this work was dedicated to the development of inverse methods for property estimation. The objective is to obtain the parameters responsible for heating (defect characteristics or mechanical properties of the material) from the resulting fields measured on the surface (thermal or mechanical). Within this framework, several Bayesian methodologies were developed: a block-based approach relying on a Gibbs sampler, and two sequential approaches based on Kalman filtering and particle filtering. These algorithms made it possible to characterize both the viscoelastic components of an undamaged material, and to estimate the parameters of volumetric thermal sources in a damaged material. These results establish a novel methodology for the characterization of viscoelastic properties or localization of defects from vibrothermographic measurements. Both numerical and experimental applications illustrate the performance and limitations of these methods.
ED Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique
The impact of psycho-affective factors on pain at emergency department discharge, on its chronicisation, and on the misuse of opioids
by Florentine TANDZI TONLEU (Bordeaux Population Health Research Center)
The defense will take place at 9h00 - Leonard de Vinci 25 avenue François Mitterrand, 69500 Bron
in front of the jury composed of
- Michel GALINSKI - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Sylviane LAFONT - Directrice de recherche - Université Gustave Eiffel - CoDirecteur de these
- Frédéric AUBRUN - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Lyon 1 - Rapporteur
- Rosemary DRAY-SPIRA - Directrice de recherche - Université de Sorbonne - Rapporteur
- Antoine PARIENTE - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Marie VIPREY - Maîtresse de conférences - praticienne hospitalière - Université de Lyon 1 - Examinateur
A venir