ED Entreprise Economie Société
Strategic renewal through wine tourism: adaptation and financing of wine estates
by Claire LAMOUREUX (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle C107 Université de Bordeaux, Campus Bastide, 35 avenue Abadie, 33072 Bordeaux CEDEX
in front of the jury composed of
- Marc DRESSLER - Professor - Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society - Rapporteur
- Eric LAMARQUE - Professeur des universités - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - Rapporteur
- Juliette PASSEBOIS-DUCROS - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Catherine VIOT - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
This thesis in strategic management consists of five essays and aims to improve understanding of the managerial challenges that wine estates face when choosing to develop wine tourism, particularly with regard to access to bank financing. Our focus is on the needs of wine estates in terms of integrating this new activity into their strategy, and on how this change to their business model affects the way they are assessed by their stakeholders, particularly banks. We argue that wine tourism can only become a key strategic resource if it is perfectly aligned with the estate's overall strategy. We used an exploratory qualitative method to demonstrate how bankers understand and take this alignment into account in their decisions, particularly through cultural and subjective intelligence. This approach involved semi-structured interviews and overt, non-participant observations, supplemented by public data. The first part of this thesis examines the needs of wine estates in terms of integrating this new activity into their strategy. The second part evaluates these estates' business models as perceived by their financial stakeholders, such as banks. We examine how wine estates demonstrate organizational ambidexterity by diversifying into wine tourism and implementing eco-friendly practices to preserve biodiversity. The theory of organizational ambidexterity emphasizes the need for companies to explore and innovate to underpin their resilience. However, wineries with limited resources risk dispersion, which would negate the benefits of this exploration phase. The resource-based view approach (RBV) demonstrates that leadership embodiment is essential for competitive advantage, achieved through the communication of strategic vision — of which wine tourism is just one manifestation. We stress the importance of adaptable business models, particularly those enabled by the iterative work of the Lean Impact Start-up framework. This work illustrates the managerial challenges of diversifying through wine tourism. It should be noted that access to bank financing can limit the development of effective wine tourism, whilst the main activity of wine production is already very credit-intensive. The second part of this thesis addresses the issue of bank support for wine estates during this strategic transition. An in-depth analysis of bankers' thought processes when considering loan applications in the wine sector highlights the cultural dimension of their decision-making when dealing with highly cultural sectors. We therefore examine the sub-dimensions of CQ to develop a model for lending decision-making. This model is based on the informed prejudgment of the specialist loan officer. However, the bankers interviewed acknowledged their limitations in assessing the viability and profitability of wine tourism projects, which are often self-financed by the companies themselves. This observation highlights the importance of the subjective dimension in assessing loan applications in sectors such as winemaking. The final study in this thesis, therefore, examines the concept of subjective intelligence. Although this concept has been studied in cognitive science and psychology, it has not been widely researched in finance. We therefore propose a definition of subjective intelligence and an operational model of its use in the assessment of wine estates by bankers.
ED Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique
Investigating drug-related hepatotoxicity using individual case safety reports databases
by Elena-Mirabela MILEA (Bordeaux Population Health Research Center)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - 14h00 (2:00 pm) : heure France = 15h00 (3:00 pm) : heure Roumanie Visioconférence totale
in front of the jury composed of
- Annalisa CAPUANO - Full professor - Full Professor in Pharmacology at the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli - Examinateur
- Annamaria MASCOLO - Full professor - Professor in Pharmacology at the Link campus university - Examinateur
- Emanuel RASCHI - Associate Professor - emanuel.raschi@unibo.it - Rapporteur
- Carla CARNOVALE - Associate Professor - Professor of Pharmacology at University of Milan - Rapporteur
- Francesco SALVO - Professeur des universités - praticien hospitalier - Bordeaux University - Directeur de these
- Cristina SCAVONE - Maîtresse de recherche - University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli,Italy - CoDirecteur de these
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity represents a major challenge in clinical medicine, pharmacovigilance, and public health. Using a comprehensive dataset derived from the EudraVigilance database, three studies have been carried out with the aim to investigate patterns of liver injury across different drugs, including cladribine, olaparib and antidepressants. The research applies a range of methodological approaches, including disproportionality analysis, case-by-case clinical assessment, and stratified subgroup analyses, to detect and validate safety signals associated with hepatotoxicity. Regarding the first study on cladribine, I analyzed 118 ICSRs that described the occurrence of cladribine-induced hepatobiliary adverse drug reactions (ADRs), also in terms of System Organ Class (SOC) distribution. The majority of the ICSRs reported ADRs that were classified as serious (93%), and the outcome was mostly reported as "unknown" (50.8%). To better characterize the type of hepatic damage associated with olaparib, for the second study I analyzed 344 ICSRs reporting cases of liver injury, performing an analysis by specific sub- Standardised MedDRA Queries (SMQs). Among the 344 DILI cases, 19.5% were classified as "cytolytic", 3.5% as "cholestatic" and 1.5% as "mixed" origin. Most DILI cases were temporally associated with "liver-related investigations" (39.8%) and 15.1% were classified as "not specified". A further 20.6% of cases involved PTs related to liver neoplasms (benign or malignant). Lastly, the third study was focused on the evaluation of the hepatic safety profile of specific class of antidepressants integrating SOC- and SMQ-based approaches, stratified by antidepressants categories, and interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spontaneous reporting of hepatic disorders cases associated with antidepressant use. I analyzed 3169 ICSRs that reported ADRs belonging to “hepatobiliary disorders” according to the MedDRA® SOCs. Among the 4497 DILI cases, 1161 were classified as “cytolytic”, 389 as “cholestatic”, and 199 as “mixed” origin. SSRI showed a higher reporting probability for cholestatic cases, but a lower probability for cytolitic cases. SNRIs were associated with a significantly lower probability of reporting liver-related investigation cases, compared with polytherapy with SSRIs. Over the study period, segmented regression analysis indicated a modest decreasing trend in ICSRs before the intervention; a significant immediate drop in reporting levels at the beginning of the COVID-19 period; a subsequent increasing trend in the post-intervention period. The findings contribute to a more precise understanding of drug-related hepatotoxicity and demonstrate how integrated analytical approaches can strengthen signal detection and risk assessment.