ED Entreprise Economie Société
The internal socio-economic polarization of urban neighborhoods in the major metropolitan areas of the French Mediterranean coast
by Argyro GRIPSIOU (COMPTRASEC - Centre de Droit Comparé de Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle de thèses 16, Avenue Léon Duguit 33608 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Christophe BERGOUIGNAN - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Jean-Francois LéGER - Maître de conférences - Institut de démographie de l'Université Paris 1 - Rapporteur
- Dominique ROYOUX - Professeur émérite - LABORATOIRE RURALITES-Université de Poitiers - Rapporteur
- Miriam CARELLA - Maître de conférences - Université de Bari - Examinateur
- Byron KOTZAMANIS - Professeur émérite - Université de Thessalie - Examinateur
As a privileged space for the manifestation of social inequalities, the city is often divided into neighborhoods that vary significantly in terms of the socio-economic resources of their inhabitants. This division of urban space based on these resources is sometimes described as a form of social segregation within the city. This socio-spatial segregation is frequently described in social science literature through the measurement of differences between neighborhoods. Without denying this urban reality, this thesis focuses on i sub-municipal divisions (here understood as IRIS units) where significant income disparities among residents are observed. This phenomenon, described here as the internal socio-economic polarization of these IRIS units, is measured using two indexes (indexes of wealth and poverty) constructed from available income deciles per consumption unit. Initially, we identify the IRIS units most affected by this internal socio-economic polarization in 14 French provincial metropolitan areas. A principal component analysis at the IRIS level allows for dentifying the housing and population characteristics associated with the internal socio-economic polarization of the IRIS units. Subsequently, this research concentrates on the three metropolitan areas of the French Mediterranean coast — Montpellier, Marseille, and Nice — whose diversity allows for a better examination of the local specificities of internal socio-economic polarization. We also attempt to understand the recent trends in these "polarized" neighborhoods in terms of income distribution and formulate hypotheses regarding the origins of the strong internal socio-economic polarization in these neighborhoods (early stages of gentrification, ongoing or incomplete gentrification; pauperization; sustainable cohabitation).
ED Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique
Living with Albinism alongside Close Relatives: A Pilot Study on Dyadic Adjustment to the Condition
by Hugo FOURNIER (Laboratoire de Psychologie)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphi E 3 ter Place de la Victoire 33000 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Bruno QUINTARD - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Hélène SAUZEON - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Emilie BOUJUT - Professeure des universités - Université Paris Cité - Rapporteur
- Kristopher LAMORE - Maître de conférences - Université de Lille - Rapporteur
Albinism refers to a group of rare genetic disorders primarily characterized by visual impairment (VI) and a variable hypopigmentation phenotype. Conventionally, it is estimated that one in 17,000 individuals worldwide is affected by some form of albinism, although this figure varies significantly across regions. Albinism has been extensively studied in medicine and genetics, with ongoing discoveries of new genotypic forms expanding the spectrum of this rare condition. While the social sciences have also explored the issue of albinism, research has predominantly been conducted in Africa, where affected people often face violent discrimination fueled by various beliefs and superstitions. In Europe, and particularly in France, the psychosocial implications of albinism have been scarcely studied, rendering this sensory impairment almost invisible to society. However, in recent years, psychologists have increasingly recognized the importance of examining how individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses and their significant others adapt together and cope with their circumstances. In this context, the ALBIPSY project, funded by the Fondation des Maladies Rares, was designed to address two main exploratory and cross-sectional objectives: to examine the lived experiences of individuals with albinism and their close relatives, and to determine the extent to which dyadic adjustment with a significant other contributes to maintaining a good quality of life for both partners. This doctoral research is structured around three articles: a systematic review of the literature on the psychosocial implications of rare genetic skin diseases; a qualitative study based on content analysis of interviews conducted with nine dyads consisting of adults with albinism and one of their parents; and a quantitative correlational study encompassing data from 38 dyads. Qualitative findings revealed four main themes: the perception of albinism by affected people and society (e.g., albinism is not always perceived as a disease), the challenges faced by people with albinism (e.g., stigma and discrimination during childhood), the resources and facilitators for coping (e.g., support structures for disabilities), and the crucial role of the parent-child relationship (e.g., transmission of parental leitmotifs). Moreover, it appears that the numerous adaptive capacities developed by affected individuals are accompanied by a significant burden associated with albinism, likely due to their reliance on personal and internal resources to overcome their difficulties. Somewhat unexpectedly, the quantitative results suggest that increased common coping might be associated with greater anxiety in individuals with albinism. To explain this finding, several hypotheses were proposed regarding the transmission of parental values, attitudes and ableist norms, as well as the perception both partners in the dyad have of albinism: to what extent is it perceived as a disease? This thesis represents one of the first comprehensive accounts of the lived experience of albinism in France, based on extensive data collection, albeit constrained by the sample size. These findings underscore the importance of adopting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to ensure that individuals with albinism and their families receive support tailored to their needs.