ED Droit
Administrative Policing and Digital Technologies
by Maxim HABA (INSTITUT LÉON DUGUIT)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - 1k Pôle juridique et judiciaire de l'université de Bordeaux 35, place Pey-Berland bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Pascal COMBEAU - Professeur agrégé - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Florence CROUZATIER-DURAND - Professeure - L'Université de Côte d'Azur - Rapporteur
- Luca BELLI - Professeur - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) Law School, Rio de Janeiro, - CoDirecteur de these
- Nathalie JACQUINOT - Professeure - Université Toulouse Capitole - Rapporteur
Digital technologies challenge the assumption of simplicity and stability in administrative policing law. Due to its interaction with digital technologies and cyberspace, administrative policing has evolved. It now relies on enriched sources (influence of European law and adaptation of domestic law), weakened foundational rules (erosion of the non-delegation principle), new material means (including video surveillance, algorithmic video monitoring, body-worn cameras, vehicle-mounted cameras, predictive policing, facial recognition, police databases, digital intelligence techniques, drones, and drone jammers) and legal tools (algorithmic policing measures), new legislative techniques (experimentation), enhanced procedures (policing contracts and services), attenuated distinctions (between administrative policing and the notions of criminal policing, administrative sanctions, regulation, public service, and compliance), new specialized policing (in cyberspace), a defined purpose (digital public order), and an adapted litigation framework. Digital technologies thus penetrate the complexities of administrative policing, even influencing policing measures deployed during states of emergency. However, this study reveals an erosion of the liberal character of administrative policing, particularly due to the widespread implementation of digital surveillance. This dissertation therefore aims to identify recent developments in administrative policing law in light of digital technologies and cyberspace, and to analyze their tensions and implications.
ED Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé
Development of 3D biomimetic models of healthy and tumoral human mammary glands via microfluidic coextrusion
by Aurélien RICHARD (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology)
The defense will take place at 14h15 - Amphithéâtre BBS Bâtiment Bordeaux Biologie Santé, 2 rue du Dr Hoffmann Martinot 33000 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Isabelle DUPIN - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Alessandro FURLAN - Maître de conférences - Université de Lille - Rapporteur
- Maria-Carla PARRINI - Ingénieure de recherche - Institut Curie - Rapporteur
- Thomas DAUBON - Directeur de recherche - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
The human breast is a complex glandular organ whose primary function is to produce milk in anatomical units of the mammary gland called acini, and to transport it via tubular ducts. In order to ensure these functionalities, the intrinsic composition of these structures is intricate and highly organized in 1) stromal, 2) epithelial and 3) ECM compartments. Moreover, the dysregulation in of mammary gland homeostasis leads to several subtypes of breast cancers, from frequent in situ luminal to rarer yet more metastatic basal-like tumors. Despite this knowledge, conventional anti-cancer drug testing is still performed on high-throughput 3D spheroid models integrating 3D diffusion concept but lacking stromal barrier from matrixes, fibroblasts, adipocytes and immune cells. In consequence, these approaches often fail to recapitulate treatment resistance due to the presence of the stroma. Thus, in order to model the native mammary tissue in vitro, it is important to succeed in the development of a more complex multi-layered histoarchitecture. With a unique microfluidic co-extrusion platform, we are able to develop 3D tubular tissues anchored on a porous and biocompatible alginate shell. In this work and for the first time, we have bioengineered six relevant models of healthy and tumoral mammary ducts, most notably a multi-layered model comprising a lumen, the mammary epithelium, and stromal compartment (fibroblasts and matrixes), using a one-step protocol. These new models offer limitless applications in tissue engineering including the characterization of an epithelium and its secretory function, and the identification of the stromal influence on healthy and tumoral mammary gland tissue. More importantly, beyond the mammary gland, these ductoid models are broadly applicable for a wild range of epithelial and endothelial tissues. Finally, we scale-up the tubular duct model into a mammary assembloid whose modular design will enable the addition of both fat, immune and vascular compartments for more physio-mimetic diagnostic tools and more effective clinical workflows.