ED Entreprise Economie Société
PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION OF MOROCCAN GRADUATES FROM FRANCE AFTER RETURNING TO THEIR HOME COUNTRY
by Adil AHARBIL (COMPTRASEC - Centre de Droit Comparé de Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle des thèses 16 avenue Léon Duguit, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Christophe BERGOUIGNAN - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Brahim BOUDARBAT - Professeur des universités - Université de Montréal - Rapporteur
- Maryse GAIMARD - Professeure des universités - Université de Bourgogne - Rapporteur
- Nicolas REBIERE - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Lucas BENTO DE CARVALHO - Professeur des universités - Université de Montpellier - Examinateur
- Aomar IBOURK - Professeur des universités - Université Cadi Ayyad - CoDirecteur de these
This doctoral research investigates the professional development of Moroccan graduates who studied in France before returning to Morocco. It examines the increasing trend of Moroccan student migration, primarily to France, by analyzing their motivations, return experiences, and the impact of this migration on their professional integration in Morocco. The main objective is to identify the key factors influencing the employability of these graduates and the extent of their successful professional insertion, whether their stay was exclusively academic or enriched by professional experiences. The study emphasizes the importance of academic pathways, professional trajectories, and individual characteristics in the success and employability of these graduates in the Moroccan labor market. Additionally, it assesses the intention of Moroccan students to return to Morocco after their studies in France, taking into account their academic training, professional aspirations, and individual peculiarities. It also examines Moroccan employers' preferences towards foreign graduates, particularly those trained in France, to understand their impact on the employability of Moroccan graduates. The methodology adopted in this thesis is based on the analysis of data from three surveys specifically conducted for this study. The use of quantitative and qualitative methods, including discourse analysis, has enriched our understanding of the research subject. Our findings reveal that Moroccan employers highly value the quality of French university degrees and professional experience gained in France. However, disparities in recruitment practices are observed, influenced by factors such as the type of business management (family or other), as well as the nature of partners and clients (local or foreign). The study shows that post-study professional experience in France enhances employability upon return. Nonetheless, graduates in other disciplines of the humanities and social sciences (literature, history, geography, etc.) and in pure sciences may encounter reintegration difficulties, while those in economics, management, and engineering benefit from a smoother professional integration in Morocco. Finally, the individual perceptions of Moroccan students about job opportunities in their field of study and qualifications, both in the host and home countries, play a crucial role in their decision to return to Morocco after their studies in France.
ED Sciences et environnements
Unraveling Rare Earth Element ecodynamics in aquatic ecosystems: a multidisciplinary and multiscale exploration
by Clément PERETO (Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre du B18 Bâtiment B18 - Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS 50023 - 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
in front of the jury composed of
- Claude FORTIN - Professeur - Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Examinateur
- Laurence POIRIER - Professeure des universités - Université de Nantes - Rapporteur
- Rémi MARSAC - Chercheur CNRS - CNRS - Rapporteur
- Aline DIA - Directrice de recherche - CNRS - Examinateur
- Aourell MAUFFRET - Cadre scientifique des EPIC - IFREMER - Examinateur
- Philippe NEGREL - Cadre scientifique des EPIC - BRGM - Examinateur
- Olivier GEFFARD - Directeur de recherche - INRAE - Examinateur
Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to numerous stresses, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which consist of a coherent group of elements and share similar physico-chemical properties. Over the past two decades, increased production and consumption of REEs for modern technologies have led to their growing occurrence in aquatic environments. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, and no comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches currently exist that combine geochemistry and ecotoxicology to assess the geochemical cycles (distribution, reactivity, and fate) of REEs in aquatic systems and the factors and processes controlling their concentrations in aquatic organisms (bioavailability, bioaccumulation). The first part of this work focused on the spatial distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs at the continent-ocean interface, and particularly in estuarine mixing zone. In an oceanographic campaign in the Gironde Estuary, we documented and analyzed the spatial variation of dissolved REE concentrations along a longitudinal profile during a dry hydrological condition. The geochemical behavior showed contrasting reactivity along the salinity gradient, with: (i) a removal of REEs at low salinity (S<5), with higher removal for light REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd); (ii) an increase of dissolved REEs at intermediate salinities (5