ED Droit
Literary Freedom in France and Czechoslovakia during the Second Twentieth Century: Perspectives from Comparative History
by Charles GUILLORIT (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE MONTESQUIEU)
The defense will take place at 9h00 - Salle des thèses Université de Bordeaux, Faculté de droit? 16 avenue Léon Duguit, Bâtiment C1, rdc, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Lena FOLJANTY - Professeure - Université de Vienne - Rapporteur
- Annamaria MONTI - Professeure - Université de Milan - Rapporteur
- Laura BECK VARELA - Professeure associée - Université autonome de Madrid - Examinateur
- Jakub RAKOSNIK - Professeur associé - Université Charles de Prague - Examinateur
- Cosmin CERCEL - Professeur - Université de Gand - Examinateur
- Nader HAKIM - Professeur - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Petr AGHA - Maître de conférences - Université Charles de Prague - CoDirecteur de these
This dissertation offers a comparative legal history of literary freedom in France and Czechoslovakia during the second half of the twentieth century. In the first part, we adopt an event-based approach that compares the evolution of national legal orders through historical moments, which are either common to both countries (the Liberation, the liberalization of the 1960s around May-June 68 and the Prague Spring, the decade following the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia), or constitute specific junctures linked to the Cold War context (the Algerian War in France, normalization in Czechoslovakia). The second part develops a transversal analysis that focuses on national legal orders throughout the studied period. It examines the evolution of the legal and administrative apparatus of both states, investigating notably the context of elaboration and adoption of norms. This transversal analysis measures the efficiency of the normative framework on jurisprudence, as well as on censorial institutions and on the economy of literary freedom.
ED Sciences Physiques et de l'Ingénieur
Identification and quantification of karst/river exchanges by physical and chemical characterization : application to the Célé Valley
by Lucie NOGUERA (I2M - Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle Univers Bâtiment NB18, 3 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Nicolas PEYRAUBE - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Catherine BERTRAND - Professeure des universités - Université de Franche-Comté - Rapporteur
- Christelle BATIOT-GUILHE - Professeure des universités - Université de Montpellier - Rapporteur
- Célestine DELBART - Maîtresse de conférences - Université de Tours - Examinateur
- Stéphane BINET - Maître de conférences - Agence de l'eau Adour-Garonne - Examinateur
- Gérard BLANC - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Pierre ANSCHUTZ - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - CoDirecteur de these
The need to understand karst systems has arisen in a context of increasing pressure on water resources due to climate change. This study aimed to identify and quantify karst-river interactions in the Célé (Lot) catchment area. This study was conducted in partnership with the Causses du Quercy Regional Nature Park and the I2M and EPOC laboratories at the University of Bordeaux. In order to shed light on the spatial and temporal organisation of karst-river exchanges, as well as their impact on the hydrological and geochemical functioning of the watercourse, we examined the final 50 km of the Célé river, which is fed by both upstream waters and around twenty karst springs. Water samples were collected monthly for 18 months and daily during a flood from twelve springs and six points along the river. Physicochemical, geochemical and isotopic data were acquired for all samples. Gauging campaigns, in situ monitoring and modelling were employed to refine the hydrodynamics of the hydrological network. Finally, new methodologies were employed to identify karst water inflows into the river. We designed a method of detecting karstic springs flowing into the river, based on longitudinal profiles taken from a canoe equipped with probes. High-frequency profiles allowed us to identify conductivity anomalies attributed to springs. We supplemented this exploration with thermal infrared imaging using drones to locate the plumes where the springs emerge and mix. On average, the flow rate of all karst springs corresponds to approximately 30% of the total flow rate measured downstream of the Célé. The rest comes from upstream. A detailed study of the hydrodynamics of the four main karst springs revealed a complex temporal and spatial response to meteorological factors. Thanks to conduit flows, the springs respond very rapidly to precipitation. Some springs have a greater storage capacity. Hydrodynamic modelling estimated that 40% of flows originate from the matrix reservoir with slow transit times and 60% from rapid flows. Consequently, karst acts as a flood amplifier for the river. During periods of recession, karst provides support for the decline in water levels by activating the matrix portion of the aquifer. Karst does not contribute to the river's low water discharge. A geochemical typology of the sources was established, particularly in relation to their level of karstification. Variations in the chemical composition of the water along the Célé continuum exhibited a certain linearity in relation to flow rates. We traced the evolution of the flow rate along the continuum using a mixing equation based on variations in conductivity and alkalinity. Flow rates could be estimated for each of the river sections between the six sampling points. This enabled us to accurately estimate the combined contribution of the sources located between these points. Hydrological data enabled us to quantify carbon fluxes and karst-river-atmosphere CO₂ exchanges accurately. By comparing the results of the CO₂ mass balance with a diffusive model of exchange between water and the atmosphere, we obtained very consistent results. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the hydrographic network of the Célé karst watershed acts as a sink for atmospheric CO₂. This sink is linked to water-rock interactions in the aquifer and the export of alkalinity. This sink has been quantified. The study validated the sampling methods and strategy. Additional methodological and operational measures are proposed to extend this work to other sites where karst-river interactions are an issue.