ED Droit
Reflection on the contribution of WAEMU's agricultural policy to the development of the Union's agricultural sector: study of the legal aspects
by Essi Sonia HABIA (CENTRE D'ÉTUDES ET DE RECHERCHES COMPARATIVES SUR LES CONSTITUTIONS, LES LIBERTÉS ET L'ÉTAT)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Salle des thèses Bâtiment B, Université de Bordeaux, 16 avenue Léon Duguit, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Arnaud MARTIN - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Hélène TOURARD - Maîtresse de conférences - université de bourgogne - Rapporteur
- Florence GALLETTI - Chargée de recherche - UMR MARBEC MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation MARBEC (IRD,CNRS,IFREMER,UM) - Rapporteur
- Adama KPODAR - Professeur agrégé - Université de Lomé - CoDirecteur de these
- Kako NUBUKPO - Professeur agrégé - Université de Lomé - Examinateur
- Alioune Badara FALL - Professeur émérite - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
To compensate for the weaknesses of WAEMU member states in achieving food sovereignty and integrating into the global market, which has become largely integrated under the auspices of the WTO, WAEMU has adopted a Union Agricultural Policy (PAU). The PAU is designed as a complex normative and institutional mechanism linking the community, national and international levels. Intended to contribute to the effective integration of the sub-regional agricultural market in order to establish the levers for conquering the regional and global markets on which WAEMU member states remain overly dependent for the satisfaction of their food needs, the implementation of this policy nevertheless faces significant legal difficulties, despite the progress made. These difficulties are mainly manifested in delays in the transposition of specific WAEMU Community law at the national level and insufficient collaboration between the national, Community and international levels in the effective implementation of the rules adopted to boost the sub-regional agricultural sector and facilitate its integration into the global market. In addition to these dysfunctions, there are cyclical obstacles linked to the fact that WAEMU member states belong to other sub-regional organisations with similar programmes, which sometimes leads to overlaps and even regulatory and institutional competition that negatively impact the mobilisation of PAU's functional resources and its performance. However, all of these constraints can be removed through institutional restructuring and rationalisation of the governance and financing mechanisms of the PAU. This regulatory rationalisation will improve the performance of the WAEMU agricultural sector and ensure its harmonious development and genuine integration into the international market.
ED Sciences Physiques et de l'Ingénieur
Quantum gas manipulation by doubly-dressed states potentials : beyond hermitian dynamics
by Ruiyang HUANG (Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique & Nanosciences)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre André Ducasse Laboratoire de Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences Institut d'Optique d'Aquitaine. 1, rue François Mitterrand, CS30006 33400 Talence Cedex
in front of the jury composed of
- Simon BERNON - Assistant professor - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Denis BOIRON - Professeur des universités - Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique - Rapporteur
- Alexei OURJOUMTSEV - Directeur de recherche - Collège de France - Rapporteur
- Alejandro GIACOMOTTI - Directeur de recherche - Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N) - Examinateur
- David GUéRY-ODELIN - Professeur des universités - Laboratoire de Collisions - Agrégats - Réactivité (LCAR) - Examinateur
Ultracold atomic gas is a quantum system well-isolated from the environment, whose interaction with light is well understood. The ultracold gas thus becomes a highly performant quantum simulator to place under tailored potential generated by light. Observation of atom dynamics give answers to many phenomena of quantum systems, such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, topological insulators, and superconductivity. In this context, diffraction-limited quantum gas microscopes have emerged as standard tools to probe such complex systems and to measure atomic density correlations between lattice sites. In addition, capability of manipulating the quantum gas microscopically opens the access to non-equilibrium many-body physics. In this PhD thesis, we investigated sub-wavelength control upon ultracold atoms using a dressed excited state method. We first characterized the excited state spectrum. From Lindblad master equations, a new form of ground state potential has been proposed to explain the coherent dynamics with the dressed excited state. We experimentally confirmed the correctness of the proposal through Kapitza-Dirac scattering. We then performed sub-wavelength microscopy of a tiny quantum object : the atomic wavefunction in a tight optical lattice. Based on this microscopy technique, we observed the tunneling dynamics between lattice sites. By introducing site-resolved decay channel, quantum Zeno effect has been observed during the tunneling.