ED Sciences Chimiques
Li-ion battery (LIB) direct recycling using pressurized CO2-based technology
by Neil HAYAGAN (ICMCB - Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - ICMCB Amphitheater 87 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Cyril AYMONIER - Directeur de recherche - Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB)- CNRS - Directeur de these
- Gilles PHILIPPOT - Maître de conférences - Université de Bordeaux - CoDirecteur de these
- Julien LECLAIRE - Professeur - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Examinateur
- Mathieu MORCRETTE - Directeur de recherche - Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS) - CoDirecteur de these
- Laurence CROGUENNEC - Directrice de recherche - Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Nadia CHIBANI - Ingénieure de recherche - AMPERE-RENAULT - Examinateur
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has revolutionized portable electronics and expanded into the mobility sector through advancements in electrode materials, electrolytes, and production processes. However, the growing LIB demand poses global waste management challenges. As critical resources, LIB materials require efficient recycling within the context of circular economy while meeting sustainability and carbon-neutrality goals. Conventional recycling methods, such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, fall short in fully recovering LIB components, particularly as production scraps—a new, pristine waste stream—emerge. Direct recycling, a novel and efficient strategy, preserves material properties such as composition, structure, and properties, improving the recovery rates. This dissertation explores direct recycling of production scraps and evaluate spent 18650 cells their recycling potential across varying levels of degradation. A novel CO2-based process was developed for the direct recycling of LIB electrode production scrap. Using a solvent mixture of triethyl phosphate, acetone, and CO2, binder dissolution was enhanced and the delamination of positive electrode materials was accelerated, efficiently separating LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) from the current collector. The study also explores the degradation in 18650 cells with NMC622 cathode, graphite anode, and EC-based electrolyte under various ageing protocols, revealing significant material changes, including Li loss, electrolyte decomposition, and Mn migration. Liquid CO2 and acetonitrile were used to extract carbonates and liquid degradation products, while dimethyl carbonate as a cosolvent with liquid CO2 allowed high lithium recovery. These findings provide valuable insights into battery aging and highlight challenges for effective direct recycling, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to address this complex degradation processes.
Development of a composite oxide / oxide matrix in barium aluminosilicate and alumina fibers
by Arnaud SAINTONGE (Laboratoire des Composites ThermoStructuraux)
The defense will take place at 10h00 - Amphithéâtre du LCTS 3 Allée de la Boétie au Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux (LCTS) à Pessac, FR 33600
in front of the jury composed of
- Yann LE PETITCORPS - Professeur - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Rémy BOULESTEIX - Maître de conférences - Université de Limoges et Institut de Recherche sur les Céramiques (IRCER) - Examinateur
- Alexandre ALLEMAND - Ingénieur de recherche - CEA Cesta - CoDirecteur de these
- Gérard-Louis VIGNOLES - Professeur - Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux (LCTS) - Examinateur
- Sylvain MARINEL - Professeur - CRISMAT Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Sciences des Matériaux – UMR 6508 - Rapporteur
- Thierry CUTARD - Professeur - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi) - Rapporteur
Barium alumino-silicate (BAS) exhibits interesting physical properties. To manufacture functional parts and use it at high temperatures, particularly near its melting point, it is necessary to reinforce it with a material that provides sufficient thermochemical stability and has an appropriate architecture. The process to obtain the BAS matrix in the desired crystallographic form is well mastered. The chemical nature of the reinforcement offering the required stability has been identified, and initial composites with 2D fibrous reinforcement have been developed. To achieve materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties under stresses in multiple directions, composites with more complex reinforcement architectures, such as alumina fiber fabrics, have been produced. The aim of this thesis is to develop a BAS matrix slurry, infiltrate it into a 3D fibrous preform, and evaluate the properties of the resulting composite.
ED Droit
Coverage of old age risk in Thailand. The challenges of universalization
by Thitirut CHANMAHA (COMPTRASEC - Centre de Droit Comparé de Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale)
The defense will take place at 13h00 - Salle des thèses 16 avenue Léon Duguit CS 50057 33608 Pessac CEDEX
in front of the jury composed of
- Philippe MARTIN - Directeur de recherche - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Maryse BADEL - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Laure CAMAJI - Maîtresse de conférences - Université Lumière Lyon 2 - Examinateur
- Marion DEL-SOL - Professeur des universités - Université de Rennes - Rapporteur
- Suphasit TAWEEJAMSUP - Professeur agrégé - Université Chulalongkorn - Rapporteur
The retirement and social protection system for the elderly in Thailand is facing significant challenges due to the aging population. Currently, the social security landscape is fragmented and inefficient, which hampers the provision of comprehensive and adequate protection, particularly for the most vulnerable groups. In this context, a universal and comprehensive retirement reform is necessary to identify existing gaps and propose improvements. This involves integrating informal sector workers into the retirement system and adapting to the country's economic realities, with the goal of establishing a more equitable and just social security system. Recognizing the urgency of adapting the existing system to both current and future demographic challenges, strategies such as increasing state revenues to fund universal pensions for impoverished elderly individuals, and integrating all workers into the tax system, are crucial. These measures aim to expand the funding base of social security and ensure the dignity and financial stability of all elderly individuals in Thailand. Therefore, transitioning to universal retirement represents a fundamental solution to address the risks associated with an aging population.
Regulated tariffs in electricity market
by Quentin GUILLARD (INSTITUT LÉON DUGUIT)
The defense will take place at 14h30 - Salle des thèses 16 avenue Léon Duguit, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Aude ROUYERE - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Louis DE FONTENELLE - Maître de conférences - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - Rapporteur
- Claudie BOITEAU - Professeur des universités - Université Paris Dauphine - Rapporteur
- Hubert DELZANGLES - Professeur des universités - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Guillaume DEZOBRY - Maître de conférences - Université d'Amiens - Examinateur
The electricity market is an interesting paradox. Although it has been open to competition since 1996, the visible hand of the state has not disappeared. In fact, while the increasing application of competition law to this market aims to ensure that the principles it embodies reign supreme, foremost among which the free setting of prices, the electricity market resists. The existence of several regulated tariffs (TURPE, TRVE, TOA, ARENH tariff) perfectly illustrate this. This research first analyses the legal justification for maintaining these tariffs in a liberalised market. The aim is to understand whether there is any legal justification for maintaining these tariffs and if any changes to the legal regime applicable to these tariffs have been necessary. The second part of this research is devoted to analysing whether the maintenance of these tariffs could not be affected by the changes taking place in this market. These changes include the finalisation of the liberalisation of the sector and the energy transition.
ED Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé
Study of DNASE1L3 function in autoimmune and antitumor context
by Pauline SANTA (Immunologie Conceptuelle, Expérimentale et Translationnelle)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéatre du BBS Bât BBS, Campus Carreire, 2 rue du Dr Hoffmann Martinot 33000 BORDEAUX
in front of the jury composed of
- Jenny VALLADEAU - Directrice de recherche - INSERM CRCL - Rapporteur
- Amelie SERVETTAZ - Professeure des universités - praticienne hospitalière - CHU REIMS - Rapporteur
- Nathalie BENDRISS-VERMARE - Chargée de recherche - INSERM CRCL - Examinateur
- Carlo CHIZZOLINI - PU-PH à la retraite - Université Genève - Examinateur
- Christine VARON - Professeure des universités - Université de bordeaux - Examinateur
Physiologically, the regulation of the immunogenicity of endogenous DNAs is mainly carried out by deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNASE1L3) produced mainly by dendritic cells (DCs). The deregulation of these DNA levels is studied in various pathologies such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. Scleroderma (SSc), an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, vascular lesions, and aberrant immune activation, presents an aggravated pathogenesis in response to endogenous DNA detected by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. These cells, via their Toll-like receptors, recognize these DNAs and induce type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Genetic studies in SSc patients have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a coding region of DNASE1L3 affecting its ability to clear endogenous DNA. Therefore, our goal was to study the role of DNASE1L3 in SSc pathogenesis in vivo. We induced a disease like-SSc by injecting bleomycin or HOCL into WT or Dnase1l3-/- mice. Skin and pulmonary fibrosis as well as tissue immune infiltrate were analyzed. Our results show that DNASE1L3 deficiency did not affect the establishment of tissue fibrosis nor the immune infiltrate in the skin and lungs, suggesting that DNASE1L3 does not play a major role in the induction of fibrosis in the pathogenesis of SSc. As for SSc, endogenous DNA plays a crucial role in establishing anti-tumor immune responses. Indeed, tumor DNA (tDNA) induces the production of IFN-I by DCs leading to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes involved in tumor clearance. While this stimulation loop rarely occurs spontaneously, treatments such as chemotherapy (CTs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) promote the release of tDNA and enhance IFN-I-mediated anti-tumor immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immunostimulatory potential of tDNA are still poorly understood. Reduced expression of DNASE1L3 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in various cancers (breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma), suggesting that this DNASE could be involved in regulating released tDNA. We explored the function of DNASE1L3 in anti-tumor immunity and in controlling the immunostimulatory potential of tDNA in response to CTs and ICBs. To do so, models of spontaneous mammary tumors (MMTV-PyMT) and transplantable orthotopic tumors (E0771) were developed in WT or Dnase1l3-/- mice. These two models were treated with immunogenic CTs or an ICB. The impact of DNASE1L3 deficiency on the efficacy of CT and ICB was studied by analyzing tumor growth, mouse survival and tumor immune infiltrate. We also studied DNASEL13 function in the regulation of immunogenic cell death and mechanism of action in therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity. We showed that DNASE1L3 does not directly affect tumor growth, overall mouse survival or immune infiltrate. However, the therapeutic efficacy of treatments was significantly reduced in Dnase1l3-/- mice. We also demonstrated that DNASE1L3 specifically digests tDNA released following CT. Moreover, we observed that DCs isolated from Dnase1l3-/- mice are unable to produce inflammatory cytokines after TLR9 stimulation with synthetic DNAs. In conclusion, our results show that DNASE1L3 plays an important role in treatment efficacy, perhaps by processing tDNA released after treatments, enhancing its immunostimulatory potential. An in-depth study of the mechanisms of action of DNASE1L3 in anti-tumor immune responses induced by immunogenic therapies will contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies enhancing the efficacy of current therapies.
ED Sciences Physiques et de l'Ingénieur
Integrating mechanical behaviour of non-ideal features in prismatic polyhedra based tolerance analysis
by Carlos RESTREPO GARCIA (I2M - Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux)
The defense will take place at 9h00 - l'amphithéâtre Laroche Foucault Esp. des Arts et Métiers, bâtiment R, 33400, Talence
in front of the jury composed of
- Denis TEISSANDIER - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Jean-Yves DANTAN - Professeur des universités - ENSAM Metz - Rapporteur
- Benjamin SCHLEICH - Professor Doktoringenieur Habilitation - Technische Universitat Darmstadt - Rapporteur
- Jean-Marc LINARES - Professeur des universités - Aix Marseille Université - Examinateur
- Nabil ANWER - Professeur des universités - Université Paris-Saclay - CoDirecteur de these
The architectures of new products are more complex today due to the need of the market for customized and optimized products, the technological advancements in manufacturing machines and inspection devices, and the extensive use of data in the product's modeling and simulation. The evolution of manufacturing processes and the advanced measurement capabilities in response to the market needs do not translate immediately into more accurate products. Actually, there is a limited consideration of geometric defects and variability in the design process, this is partially due to the limitations of the mathematical models and their underlying hypothesis. The first contribution of this work is on the characterization of the geometric variability in tolerancing. The first part of this work concerns the shape representation models and specifically the adoption of the skin model shapes paradigm in the tolerance management context using the polyhedral-based method. The skin model instances are more representative of individual real parts than the traditional CAD models. To simulate more realistic behavior of assemblies, the second part presents a novel approach for simulation of rigid contact using polyhedra is presented. The approach integrates the load boundary conditions that allow the contact between matting features by enriching the definition of a prismatic polyhedron operand for contact simulation. With this enriched approach an objective quantification of the impact of disregarding form defects for a given mechanism can be computed given a loading condition. An approach for simulating features potentially in contact by taking into account the local deformations has also been developed for the polyhedral method in tolerancing. Finally, the algorithms for the contact simulation and the generator of realistic shape representatives were implemented in an open source CAD compatible software.