ED Sciences Chimiques
Formulation of a photopolymerizable ink containing tungsten oxide nanoparticles for printing photonic and photochromic structures
by Ludovic BELHOMME (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal)
The defense will take place at 9h30 - amphithéâtre CRPP 115 av Doct Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac
in front of the jury composed of
- Serge RAVAINE - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Sandrine PERRUCHAS - Chargée de recherche - Université de Nantes - Rapporteur
- Manuel GAUDON - Professeur des universités - Université de Bordeaux - CoDirecteur de these
- Christel LABERTY-ROBET - Professeure des universités - Sorbonne Université - Examinateur
- Fabrice ROSSIGNOL - Directeur de recherche - Université de Limoges - Rapporteur
- Rodolphe CLERAC - Directeur de recherche - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
In a context where new technologies require the development of an increasing number of components and devices, three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the way their production is perceived due to the great design freedom it offers. In particular, two-photon absorption-induced stereolithography has, over the past two decades, pushed the limits of the spatial resolution of targeted objects, making it possible to fabricate nano- and microstructures with increasingly complex architectures. More recently, it has been proposed the use of materials whose properties can be activated or modified by external stimuli (physical, chemical or biological) in 3D printing processes to produce programmable objects. The aim of this thesis work is to produce structures that are both photonic and photochromic by two-photon photopolymerisation, by incorporating tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles within a photopolymer resin. To achieve this, efforts were initially focused on the controlled synthesis of photochromic WO3 nanoparticles by a polyol method. Subsequently, we focused on dispersing these nanoparticles within a photopolymerizable resin, with the goal of avoiding their aggregation. Finally, the printing of uni-, bi-, and three-dimensional objects was carried out using this modified resin.
ED Droit
The stability of the democratic institutions of the French-speaking countries of black Africa
by Beugré GNONKA (LAM par convention 2016-2020)
The defense will take place at 9h00 - Salle des thèses Université de Bordeaux - Faculté de droit 16 avenue Léon Duguit
in front of the jury composed of
- Alioune Badara FALL - Professeur émérite - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Jean-Marie BRETON - Professeur émérite - Université des Antilles Guyane - Examinateur
- Djèdjro Francisco Frédéric MELEDJE - Professeur Titulaire - Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny - Directeur de these
- Frédérique RUEDA - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
- Eloi DIARRA - Professeur émérite - Université de Rouen Normandie - Rapporteur
- Florence GALLETTI - Maîtresse de conférences - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Rapporteur
In the 1990s, Africa experienced a wave of democratization that rekindled a long-lost hope for stable democratic institutions. This period of loosening authoritarianism was marked by normative and institutional renewal, aimed at creating a favorable environment for the proper functioning of democratic institutions. However, over thirty years later, the stability of these institutions remains elusive. To understand this ongoing instability, a thorough analysis of democratic institutions in French-speaking African countries is necessary. The lack of stability can be attributed to the vulnerability of constitutional foundations and deficient organizational structures. Additionally, the practice of democratic institutions is hindered by an institutional imbalance that regulatory mechanisms fail to address. Beyond the contribution to the theory of stability in public law ,this actual these is an invitation to a new approach concerning the stability of democratic institutions.
ED Sciences et environnements
Sedimentary processes and deposits of deep-water sediment waves : insights from modern and subsurfaces analogues.
by Séverine RUSSO (Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphithéâtre 2 Université de Bordeaux Bâtiment A9, Amphi 2 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
in front of the jury composed of
- Thierry MULDER - Professeur - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- ELDA MIRAMONTES GARCÍA - Professeure - MARUM - Universität Bremen - Rapporteur
- Nathalie BABONNEAU - Maître de conférences - Université Bretagne Occidentale - Examinateur
- Sébastien MIGEON - Professeur - Université Côte d'Azur - Examinateur
- Matthieu CARTIGNY - Docteur - Durham University - Rapporteur
Sediment waves are ubiquitous sedimentary figures found on both present and past seabeds, generating growing scientific interest in both academic and industrial fields. This study relies on the analysis of 3D seismic and wells data from Ivory Coast, Senegal, as well as the analysis of 2D seismic data and sediment cores in New Zealand. Through these studies, sediment waves present in deep marine environments have been described and classified into three types: 1. Sediment waves present on the levees of rectilinear axes, filled by cohesive material (debris flows). Their wavelengths range from 1 to 6 km. They reach heights ranging from 10 to 70 m. 2. Unconfined sediment waves present on the continental slope and the continental rise. Their wavelengths range from 600 m to 3.5 km. They reach heights ranging from 10 to 30 m. 3. Sediment waves present on the levees of turbiditic channels. Their wavelengths range from 1 to 3 km. They reach heights ranging from 8 to 26 m. These studies have allowed for a better understanding of the sediment waves formation processes. They are formed by unconfined, sediment-laden turbidity currents capable of oscillating between supercritical and subcritical flow regimes, controlled by a hydraulic jump. They are considered to be depositional cyclic steps. The analysis of the sediment waves present in the mixed system in New Zealand did not reveal a direct and significant impact of contour currents on the formation and morphology of the sediment waves. The analysis of published data in these contouritic or mixed contexts, in light of the results of this thesis, suggests that at least some of the sediment waves described in these contexts are more likely related to unconfined turbidity currents. Their lithological content has also been documented through sediment core analysis. These studies reveal that sediment waves consist of clay-silt turbidite sequences with a low sand content (less than 30~%). Based on a bibliographic compilation, the sediment waves present on the continental shelf, with morphometric measurements smaller than those in the deep marine domain ($lambda$ < 1 km; h < 10 m), seem to be richer in sandy material. This study has also highlighted the impact that sediment waves can have on turbiditic sedimentation by topographically trapping channeled and/or lobed sandy systems in the depressions they generate. Due to their fine lithology, sediment waves can constitute a functional stratigraphic trap for sandy turbiditic sedimentary bodies they stratigraphically cover and/or trap in their troughs. However, their morphology induces a complex reservoir architecture and spatial definition, which can reduce its prospective potential.
Development and implementation of a phosphorus module of the STICS crop model to simulate tropical and temperate agroecosystems functioning
by Mounir SEGHOUANI (ISPA - Interaction Sol-Plante-Atmosphère)
The defense will take place at 13h00 - Salle de conférences ISPA 71 avenue Édouard Bourlaux 33140 Villenave d'Ornon
in front of the jury composed of
- Éric JUSTES - Directeur de recherche - CIRAD - Rapporteur
- Noura ZIADI - Professeure associée - Université Laval - Rapporteur
- Isabelle BERTRAND - Directrice de recherche - INRAE - Examinateur
- Benjamin DUMONT - Professeur - Université de Liège - Examinateur
Crop models are useful tools for understanding the complexity of agrosystems. The modeling of the P cycle in agrosystems remains underdeveloped compared with that of nitrogen (N) or carbon. In addition, crop models managing P use the same approach. Other aspects, such as P demand and soil-plant P transfer, are often poorly represented, which limits the genericity and robustness of these crop models. The central hypothesis of my work is that it is possible to represent the P cycle in agrosystems using a more mechanistic, robust and generic approach. In order to achieve this, it was first necessary to implement a module simulating the P cycle in the STICS soil-crop model, which has already demonstrated its robustness for simulating nitrogen and water, and which incorporates relevant formalisms to extend its validity domain to P. Secondly, the dependence of the P cycle on that of N raised the question of the agronomic importance of N-P colimitation and its implementation in soil-crop models. In the first part, I coupled the STICS model with a model simulating soil P supply, crop P demand, P uptake by roots, P partitioning in the plant and the consequences of P deficiency on crop growth. The model was evaluated on a dataset derived from four long-term phosphate fertilization trials for maize at four sites in mainland France. The evaluation showed that the model performed well in simulating the final accumulation of P (R² = 0.82; Relative Root Mean Squared Error (rRMSE) = 16%) and biomass (R² = 0.62; rRMSE = 10%) in the crop, as well as P in grain (R² = 0.7; rRMSE = 20%) and grain yield (R²2 = 0.56; rRMSE = 11%). The model is also able to reproduce the dynamics of P accumulation and crop response to P limitation between different sites and treatments within the same site. The proposed model can be used to analyze and optimize crop response to P availability in temperate zones over a single growing season. Its extension to longer time scales or to tropical zones requires the integration of new mechanisms. In the second part, I conducted a literature review on N-P colimitation in agrosystems. I established a conceptual framework for classifying crop response to colimitation. Various fertilization trials from published works were analyzed using this conceptual framework. Of the 32 trials analyzed, 84% followed the multiple limitation hypothesis (MLH), which implies an adapted crop response to colimitation, while only 16% followed the law of minimum (LM), which is still widely recognized by agronomists. The NxP interaction was found to be significant in 63% of cases. Mechanisms that could explain crop response to N-P colimitation were identified. These experimentally observed mechanisms were compared with an inventory of crop models managing N-P colimitation, the majority of which use LM. Avenues for improving colimitation management by crop models were proposed. In a third and final part, I applied the previously mentioned conceptual framework to the study of sugarcane response to colimitation in 3 elements: N,P, and potassium (K). Crop response was characterized using nutrition indexes based on the establishment of corresponding dilution curves. Linear mixed models were developed to process data from four multi-year sugarcane fertilization trials in La Réunion. Colimitation situations were found to be frequent on the different sites (98% of situations were colimited by at least two elements). MLH was also able to explain the variability of sugarcane response better than LM, confirming the results of the literature review. In line with the scientific literature, the statistical models developed showed that the N, P and K nutritional status of sugarcane at harvest explains 38% of the variation in sugarcane yield at harvest. The integration of NxP interaction mechanisms would enable better management of N-P colimitation in the model, and a better agronomic understanding of these situations.
ED Sociétés, Politique, Santé Publique
Intimate Relationships and Mental Illness: Toward Improved Support
by Meryl CAIADA (Laboratoire de Psychologie)
The defense will take place at 14h00 - Amphi E 3 Ter Place de la Victoire 33076 Bordeaux
in front of the jury composed of
- Antoinette PROUTEAU - Professeure des universités - Université de Bordeaux - Directeur de these
- Odile ROHMER - Professeur des universités - Université de Strasbourg - Rapporteur
- Chrystel BESCHE-RICHARD - Professeur des universités - Université de Reims - Rapporteur
- Tania LECOMTE - Professeur des universités - Université de Montréal - Examinateur
- Michèle KOLECK - Professeure - Université de Bordeaux - Examinateur
The literature reports a restriction of participation in the area of intimate relationships for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (Prouteau et al., 2009, Thornicroft et al.,2004). They are more single, less married, and report less satisfying interpersonal and sexual relationships than the general population (Peitl et al., 2009; Prouteau et al., 2009, Thornicroft et al., 2004). This theme is not often addressed in the literature and in clinical practice. Yet, there is a positive link between intimate relationships and quality of life (Braithwaite & Holt-Lunstad, 2017; White et al., 2021). The aim of the study is to promote intimate relationships for people with psychiatric disabilities through an intervention. It will be necessary to study the mechanisms and implications of intimate relationships in order to identify the levers. These will be the means to promote the establishment and maintenance of intimate relationships. The literature (Cloutier et al., 2020) and previous work highlight various variables associated with intimate relationships. Many are linked to self-representation: social identity, self-esteem, sexual self-concept, body image and attachment. These factors influence participation in intimate relationships. The objective of this intervention is to establish levers that act on the identified factors, notably by promoting a positive self-representation. More globally, the challenge is to overcome taboos, stigmatization and transform representations, which hinder the participation in intimate relationships of people with schizophrenia disorders. The objective is to carry out an applied, participatory and evidence-based research. The literature, mental health professionals and users will be solicited along this work.